glossary

1. A branch of knowledge that one studies. 2. The suppression of base desires, usually understood to be synonymous with self-control restraint and control. 3. The use of reason to determine the best course of action regardless of one’s desires, which may be the opposite of what a person is excited to do. Virtuous behavior can be described as when a person’s values are aligned with their aims: to do what they know is best and to do it gladly. 4. The training that develops self-control, character, orderliness, and efficiency. In other words, the ability to start, continue, and produce the results envisioned and planned in the time, place, and shape, at a consistent level of excellence as intended. 5. The use of punishment to correct disobedience and to enforce compliance with rules.

1. Lack of harmony or agreement; discord, conflict, friction, strife. 2. An unpleasant feeling between people.

1. A lack of honesty. 2. Deceitfulness and fraud. A dishonest or fraudulent act. 3. A disposition to lie, cheat, or steal. 4. One would not be dishonest unless he wished to seek advantage for themselves or their group at the expense of other people or groups.

A risk management strategy to allocate an investment portfolio to different asset classes that on average yield a higher return by spreading the risk between high, medium and low-risk assets.

A distribution of a portion of a company’s profits to the shareholders, payable in cash, stock or other property. Profits that are not distributed remain with the company as retained earnings. Start-ups and high-growth companies rarely offer dividends because their profits are reinvested to help sustain higher-than-average growth and expansion. Larger, established companies tend to issue regular dividends to maximize shareholder returns in ways aside from capital growth.